Here is how to do it when the field is not a string:  (In this case, it is a date field.)

var
  QDate: TTable;
begin
  listbox1.Clear;
  QDate := TTable.create(application);
  with QDate do begin
    try
      databasename := 'DBDEMOS';
      TableName := 'orders.db';
      open;
      First;
      Repeat
        listbox1.Items.Add(FieldByName('SaleDate').AsString);
        Next;
      until EOF;
      Close;
    finally
      free;
    end;
  end;
end;
 

Here's one way of populating a list box with your fields ID and Name:

  with MyQuery do
  begin
{ this is to prevent flicker in any controls using this dataset }
    DisableControls;

    try
      First;
      while not EOF do
      begin

       { Here's the actual statement you asked for... }
        with MyListBox.Items do
          Objects[ Add( FieldByName('Name').AsString ) ] :=
            TObject( PChar( FieldByName('ID').AsInteger ) );

        Next;
      end;
    finally
      EnableControls;
    end;
  end;
 

And here's how you can extract the ID from the currently selected item in the listbox:

  with MyListBox do
    MyInteger := Longint( Items.Objects[ ItemIndex ] );